Lecture-Rennaissance
The Rennaissance started in Florence, Italy. The paintings were muted, the colors were muted, and there were rules to what classified an artist as an Artist. The biggest rule was to add black to paintings to make everything stand out. They also used white to create movement in the paintings. Something called the Humanist Philosophy means people have the worth.
The Rennaissance means "rebirth", and it introduced the idea of "Humanism." Humanism came through more realistic, more 3-D, background perspectives, and more color. Byzantine art mimicked more symbolism over reality. Backgrounds were typically Gold, and they had large person in the center of the painting because they were important.
Early Rennaissance brought many painting techniques, and very famous painters and sculptors. Three painting techniques were: Fresca, Oils, and Tempera. Oils were the most preferred in the Early Rennaissance. Brunelleschi did the Duomo. He had rediscovered linear perspective. With this he sketched the Florence Baptistry.
Rennaissance unlike Byzantine Art had any one of any significance painted the same size. Not like the Byzantine Art where many of importance were painted large and others were painted small.
Masaccio known as the "Father of Rennaissance painting," embraced Humanism and Linear Perspective. Everyone followed him and his ideas. He used Fresco painting technique in the "Holy Trinity," and many studied this Fresco painting. His art brought Naturalism to the table. Naturalism in Rennaisnace art came though the VERY realistic aspects of sculptures and paintings.
Alberti setup the "rules" of painting. The three treatises are: Perspective, Sculpture, and Architecture. He imagined a new kind of artist through the treatises. Alberti wanted contrasts in paintings, and that is why Black was added to many Rennaissance paintings.
Medici Family were known as the Rennaissance Patrons of the Arts. They sought to protect their Wealth by controlling the government and marrying into noble families. Givanni was the first patron of Arts in the Medici family.
Machiavelli was a diplomat for Florence's Republic. He is known as the "father of modern political theory."
High Rennaissance took into consideration of the Treatises, and has embraced contrast, and realism through expression, movement, and definition. Leonardo da Vinci was known as a procrastinator. he stated that our most important sense is "sight." He was one of the best painters of his time, but he only had about 25 paintings known to mankind. That is why he is known as a procrastinator because he didn't have many paintings or work of art. He also had inventions that today, many were proven correct, and were able to be used.
Galileo and the Catholic Church were at conflict because Galileo stated that the Sun was the center of the universe and the Earth. The holy scriptures state that the earth is the center of the universe, and the sun is not.
There are four modes of Rennaissance paintings:
1.) sfumato (blending of colors)
2.) cangiante (used other colors to darken or lighten other colors because of their limited color pallets)
3.) chisroscuro (contrast between light and dark areas to create a a3-d affect)
4.) unione (the precise points that meet and blend in a painting.
Michaelangelo was da Vincis student. He studied cadavers to know the human anatomy. He suffered from deterioration of the kidneys. He used that in his painting. He used human anatomy in his paintings like the "Creation of Adam."
Mannerism had launched to be an expressive period of art. way more expressive than a renaissance painting. Elongated bodies, tiny heads, twisted forms etc. Perspective and proportion weren't necessary, but colors, contrast, and composition were.
Baroque paintings were defined by movement, details, and grandeur. Baroque paintings captured movement and emotion. Baroque paintings are characterized as dark shadows, rich color, drama, and intense light.
Romantism is the direct revolt of neoclassicism. Romantic art focused on emotions, moods, and feelings. Subject matters were landscapes, religion, revolution etc.
Realism had intense emotion and dramatic effects. Predicted ordinary events with ordinary people doing something. Depictions of "Real Life."
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